EXPLANATION TEXT ABOUT EL NINO AND LA NINA The converse of the Niño effect is the La Niña effect, which is an exaggeration of normal conditions. This takes place when trade winds blow strongly and consistently across the Pacific towards Australia. This pushes the warm waters from the central Pacific, off the northern Australian coast, to build up into a mass that is bigger than normal. The El Niño and La Niña Phenomena Deviations from normal temperature patterns of the southern Pacific Ocean, between Australia and South America, result in the phenomenon called El Niño. Under normal conditions, eastern trade winds blows across the Pacific. These drive the sun-warmed surface water from the central Pacific to the coast of northern Australia. When clouds form above this area of warm water and move over Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Australia, they bring rain with them. Every two to seven years, however, this pattern is interrupted by the El Niño event. During El Niño, the Pacific...
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